Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Practice Exam

Sulfur dioxide is primarily responsible for respiratory issues when released into the atmosphere due to its nature as a significant air pollutant. When emitted, often from burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil, it can lead to the formation of fine particles and acid rain. Inhalation of sulfur dioxide can aggravate existing respiratory diseases, such as asthma, and can cause inflammation and constriction of the airways, which significantly impacts lung function.

The health effects of sulfur dioxide are particularly concerning because it can cause a wide range of symptoms including shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing, as well as causing irritation of the throat and eyes. Additionally, populations who may be more vulnerable to its effects, such as children and the elderly, show increased susceptibility to these health issues.

In contrast, while carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas contributing to climate change, it is not directly harmful to respiratory health at present levels in the atmosphere. Water vapour is a natural component of the atmosphere and is not inherently harmful at typical concentrations. Carbon monoxide, while dangerous, affects the body by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen transport rather than directly causing respiratory problems akin to those induced by sulfur dioxide exposure. Thus, sulfur dioxide stands out as the clear