What is meant by the term 'formulation'?

The term 'formulation' refers to a mixture that is specifically designed to produce a useful product. In chemistry, formulations are carefully prepared mixtures that combine different substances in precise ratios to achieve certain properties and functions. Common examples include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fertilizers, and food products, where the desired performance depends on the exact composition of the mixture. This allows for consistency in quality and the effectiveness of the product for its intended use.

In contrast to the correct choice, other options describe concepts that do not align with the definition of formulation. A natural mineral, for instance, is a naturally occurring inorganic substance without the tailored characteristics of a formulation. The process of separating chemical substances typically involves techniques like distillation or filtration, not creating a useful product, while a type of pure substance refers to a single chemical entity rather than a mixture designed for utility.